Ten of Cups: Tarot Meaning and Mars in Pisces

What is in the picture

Pamela Colman Smith drew the Ten of Cups as a couple with arms raised and two children dancing beside them, under a rainbow holding ten cups, a house on the hill behind. That matters more here than in the Majors. Before 1909 the pip cards of almost every deck showed nothing but an arrangement of cups or coins, and you had to have memorised a meaning to read one. She gave all forty of them a scene, and that single decision is why a beginner can read this deck at all.

The Ten of Cups upright

The settled version. Family in the broad sense, a household, people who are glad you are there.

Cups are the feeling suit. When a reading comes out heavy in Cups, the subject is emotional whether or not the question was. The question the card puts to you: what the real version of this would actually need.

The Ten of Cups reversed

The picture not matching the house. A family performing happiness.

Readers disagree about how reversals work, and the disagreement is not minor: the four common methods give four different answers for the same card. Any page that gives you one reversed meaning and does not mention this is simplifying.

The astrology on this card

The Ten of Cups is given the third decan of Pisces, which is the stretch from 20 to 30 degrees of the sign, ruled by Mars. That is not decoration. The thirty-six pip cards from Two to Ten map onto the thirty-six decans in order, and the ruler of each decan comes from the Chaldean sequence counting forward from the first third of Aries. So the card and the placement are describing the same thing twice: Mars in Pisces is the Ten of Cups in a birth chart.

This is the part that almost no tarot page prints, and it is the part that makes the deck make sense. The seventy-eight cards are not seventy-eight separate ideas. They are four elements, ten numbers, four court ranks and twenty-two Majors, laid over the zodiac in a fixed order. Once you can see the structure you stop needing to memorise anything.

The suit of Cups

Cups are the feeling suit. When a reading comes out heavy in Cups, the subject is emotional whether or not the question was. Cups are the Water suit and they govern feeling, relationships and what matters to you. The suit's three signs are Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, in that order: cardinal, fixed, mutable. The Twos, Threes and Fours sit in the first of those, the Fives, Sixes and Sevens in the second, the Eights, Nines and Tens in the third. That is the whole system for the pip cards.

What the Ten of Cups is often confused with

The Four of Wands. The Four is the celebration. The Ten is the ordinary Tuesday afterwards, which is the harder thing to get.

Where these meanings come from

Worth knowing, because most pages present card meanings as though they were handed down from antiquity. Playing cards reached Europe in the fourteenth century and the earliest surviving tarot decks were painted in northern Italy in the fifteenth, as a card game. For roughly three hundred years that is all they were. Divination with them is first clearly documented in the late eighteenth century, in France.

The meanings in use today in English are almost entirely the Rider deck's. It was published in London in 1909: Arthur Edward Waite wrote the scheme, Pamela Colman Smith drew all seventy-eight cards, and she was paid a flat fee and went uncredited on the box for most of a century. Her decision to give every pip card a scene rather than a plain arrangement of symbols is the single reason modern tarot works the way it does, because a picture can be read by somebody who has memorised nothing.

Both of them were members of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, which is where the astrological attributions on this page come from. Those are a genuine system with internal logic, and they are a little over a century old rather than ancient. Saying so costs nothing and it is the difference between a page you can trust on the rest of the detail and a page you cannot.

Using the Ten of Cups in an actual reading

1. Read the position before the card. The same card in a "what is blocking this" position and a "what helps" position is not making the same statement.
2. Describe the picture out loud before reaching for a meaning. Pamela Colman Smith put the information in the image. What the figures are doing is usually the reading.
3. Check the suits around it. This card among four Swords is a different message from the same card among four Cups.
4. Ask what the card asks rather than what it predicts. Tarot is far better at describing a situation you are already in than at naming a date.

If you want something built from your own chart

The deck is the same deck for everybody who picks it up, which is both the appeal and the limit. A birth chart is not shared with anybody: it needs your date, your time and your place. If you do not know your birth time, this covers how to find it.